538 research outputs found

    The universe of the quasi-realia of the novel β€œThe lord of the rings” by J. R. R. Tolkien

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    Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рассматриваСтся пространство ΠΊΠ²Π°Π·ΠΈΡ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠΉ Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π° Π”ΠΆ. Π .Π . Π’ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π° «ВластСлин ΠšΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ†Β», ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ историчСскиС ΠΈ этимологичСскиС ΠΊΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π·ΠΈΡ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π½Ρ‘ΠΌ, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ классификации ΠΊΠ²Π°Π·ΠΈΡ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠΉ Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈ прСдлагаСтся свой Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚ классификации.The article discusses the universe of the quasi-realia in the novel β€œThe Lord of the Rings” by J.R.R. Tolkien, exploring historical and etimological roots of quasi-realia in it. Analysis is also made of the classifications of quasi-realia in the novel, and a new way of classifying them is suggested

    Influence of Sedimentation on Convective Instabilities in Colloidal Suspensions

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    We investigate theoretically the bifurcation scenario for colloidal suspensions subject to a vertical temperature gradient taking into account the effect of sedimentation. In contrast to molecular binary mixtures, here the thermal relaxation time is much shorter than that for concentration fluctuations. This allows for differently prepared ground states, where a concentration profile due to sedimentation and/or the Soret effect has been established or not. This gives rise to different linear instability behaviors, which are manifest in the temporal evolution into the final, generally stationary convective state. In a certain range above a rather high barometric number there is a coexistence between the quiescent state and the stationary convective one, allowing for a hysteretic scenario.Comment: to appear in Int. J. Bif. Chao

    Loss of Andreev Backscattering in Superconducting Quantum Point Contacts

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    We study effects of magnetic field on the energy spectrum in a superconducting quantum point contact. The supercurrent induced by the magnetic field leads to intermode transitions between the electron waves that pass and do not pass through the constriction. The latter experience normal reflections which couple the states with opposite momenta inside the quantum channel and create a minigap in the energy spectrum that depends on the magnetic field

    Π Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ Π’Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π·Ρ‹ Мэй Π² британских БМИ

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    The means of expression can clearly characterize an ordinary person, an actor, an artist, or even a politician, and Theresa May is certainly one of these figures. The second Β«Iron LadyΒ» is famous for her cold-blooded policy which helped her to make a very successful career during national changes in the country. Both her way of doing politics, speech, and her personal style had been a subject of discussion by ordinary people and journalists long before she took office as the Prime Minister. Thousands of opinions were published in different magazines because there is a saying: so many people, so many opinions. The article analyzes several figures of speech that were used in the British media to describe Theresa May.Π’Ρ‹Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ срСдства Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΎΡ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡŒ Ρ‚ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€, Ρ…ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊ, ΠΈ Π’Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π·Π° Мэй – нСсомнСнно, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· этих дСятСлСй. Вторая «ЖСлСзная Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΒ» извСстна своСй Ρ…Π»Π°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ, которая ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»Π° Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅ΡˆΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Ρ€Ρƒ Π²ΠΎ врСмя Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π² странС. Π•Π΅ способ вСдСния ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΡŒ ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ»ΡŒ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ обсуТдСния простых людСй ΠΈ Турналистов Π·Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½Π° заняла пост ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΌΡŒΠ΅Ρ€-министра. Высячи ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΆΡƒΡ€Π½Π°Π»Π°Ρ…, вСдь Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠ°: сколько людСй, ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ нСсколько стилистичСских Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ использовались Π² британских БМИ для описания Π’Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π·Ρ‹ Мэй

    Fuzzy model of air dust concentration in Kyiv for PM2.5 AND PM10

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    Authors presents the fuzzy model of air dust concentration. The dust model allows the application of algorithms and methods of artificial intelligence. The authors have made a brief overview of simulation of dust emission in different countries and regions. Previously, fuzzy logic models were not enough use in these studies. However, these models are widely used in medicine. The authors hope that their modest contribution to fuzzy modelling of environmental problems will attract the attention of other researchers. In this work, we used the results of measurements that carried out at the meteorological stations in Kyiv. The authors’ fuzzy model makes it possible to simulation into account two channels for measuring dust: PM2.5 and PM10. It was found that in the Mamdani algorithm it is necessary to apply the β€œor” logic. This makes it possible to increase the influence of each channel on the negative assessment of the environment. The Mamdani algorithm in the β€œand” logic does not give strict restrictions on the concentration of dust in the atmospheric air for each of the measuring channels (PM2.5 and PM10) separately

    ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ поэзии

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    This paper deals with the main difficulties the translator faces while translating poetry (such as transfer of rhythm, rhyme, and of the whole impression of the poem), and suggests certain ways to overcome each of them. However, it is also important to mention that because of the fact that every epoch, every nation, and every culture solve the problems of translating poetry in their own way, it is still impossible to establish firm standards of poetic translation. Many linguists have tried to find solutions, which could be used in many cases of poetry translation. Description is given of some strategies to translate poetry as poetic translation has always been and will be considered as subjective, and each case has to be considered individually. The article also discusses such approaches to the translation of poetry as independent and subordinate, and the translator always has to choose, which one to follow.Π’ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рассмотрСны Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ слоТности, с ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ сталкиваСтся ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ поэзии (Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π° Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠ°, Ρ€ΠΈΡ„ΠΌΡ‹, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ впСчатлСния ΠΎΡ‚ стихотворСния), Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ способы Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ…. Однако Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡƒΠΏΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² связи с Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ каТдая эпоха, ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΉ Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈ каТдая ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° поэзии ΠΏΠΎ-своСму, ΠΊ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ стандартам поэтичСского ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ Π½Π΅ удаСтся ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ сСй дСнь. МногиС лингвисты ΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π½Π°ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ Π±Ρ‹ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ поэзии. Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ стратСгии поэтичСского ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ поэтичСский ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ всСгда рассматривался, ΠΈ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΉ случай Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ. Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ рассказываСтся ΠΎ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ… ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ поэзии, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ нСзависимый ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ, Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊ всСгда Π²Ρ‹Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΈΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ… ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ

    Π˜Π½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚-ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½

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    Π’ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рассматриваСтся соврСмСнноС явлСниС, Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚-ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌ. Π’ послСдниС Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ стали ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎ распространСнным срСдством ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π² Π˜Π½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΈ Π·Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠœΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ ΡΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ†Π΅ΠΉ, Ρ‚.ΠΊ. ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊ языку, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅, Π° Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΈΠ· этих явлСний. ВсС это стало ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹Π΅, психологи ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ лингвисты, ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ явлСниС ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚-ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ способы Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ объяснСния.This article reflects on the modern phenomenon called the Internet meme. In recent years, memes have become a widespread means of communication, and are widely used both inside and outside the Internet. Memes are considered a linguacultural unit because it belongs to both language and culture, not just to one of these phenomena. All this became a reason why scientists, psychologists, and even linguists and translators started to research it and look for the ways to translate and explain it

    ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ изучСния иностранного языка Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΡ… Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ…

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    This article examines the essence and the causes of problems that arise during the process of learning a foreign language in general, as well as the problems of learning a foreign language in big groups. Description is given of the possible reasons, due to which people usually cannot succeed in learning foreign languages, and the potential ways to overcome them. Afterwards the article goes on to discuss the problems of learning foreign languages in big groups, as it often happens nowadays in various linguistic centers and universities and offers possible ways of solving the problems described both for the learners and for the teacher.Π’ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΡΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ появлСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ иностранного языка Π² Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ изучСния иностранного языка Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΡ… Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ…. ΠžΠΏΠΈΡΡ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌ люди ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π²Ρ‹ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ иностранный язык, ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ способы Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Ρ‹ с этими ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π”Π°Π»Π΅Π΅ Π² ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ изучСния иностранного языка Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΡ… Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ…, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ это Π·Π°Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡƒΡŽ происходит сСйчас Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… лингвистичСских Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ… ΠΈ Π² унивСрситСтах, ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ для учитСля, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ для ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ
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